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DSE英文被動語態完全指南：Passive Voice公式 + 12種時態變換 + 寫作應用

6/2/2026

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本文你將學到

Passive Voice（被動語態）的核心概念與主動句對比
全12種時態的被動語態公式與例句（附中英對照）
DSE寫作卷最實用的4大應用場景
5組 Before / After 真實改寫示範，助你升Grade
6大常見錯誤 + 5道練習題（含答案）

Section 1：什麼是Passive Voice？主動 vs 被動對比

在英語語法中，句子可以用兩種語態（Voice）表達：主動語態（Active Voice）和被動語態（Passive Voice）。

主動語態：主語（Subject）是動作的執行者。
被動語態：主語是動作的接受者，動作執行者（Agent）則用 by + agent 置於句末（可省略）。

概念例子

主動 The teacher corrects the essays.
（老師批改文章）— 主語 = 執行者

被動 The essays are corrected by the teacher.
（文章被老師批改）— 主語 = 接受者

主動 vs 被動對比表

特徵	主動語態（Active Voice）	被動語態（Passive Voice）
焦點	執行者（Who does it）	接受者（What receives it）
語序	Subject + Verb + Object	Subject + be + Past Participle + (by Agent)
語氣	直接、口語化	正式、客觀、書面
常見場景	日常對話、敘事	學術文章、新聞報道、DSE Writing
執行者可省略？	否（主語必須出現）	可省略（不知道或不重要時）

Section 2：Passive Voice基本公式 — 12種時態完整表

核心公式

Subject + be (conjugated) + Past Participle + (by Agent)

be 動詞必須與時態一致；Past Participle（過去分詞）永遠不變。

全12種時態主動 vs 被動對照表（以 "write the report" 為例）

時態	主動語態（Active）	被動語態（Passive）	Be動詞形式
Simple Present 一般現在式	She writes the report.	The report is written (by her).	am / is / are
Simple Past 一般過去式	She wrote the report.	The report was written (by her).	was / were
Simple Future 一般將來式	She will write the report.	The report will be written (by her).	will be
Present Continuous 現在進行式	She is writing the report.	The report is being written (by her).	is/are being
Past Continuous 過去進行式	She was writing the report.	The report was being written (by her).	was/were being
Future Continuous 將來進行式	She will be writing the report.	The report will be being written.*	will be being
Present Perfect 現在完成式	She has written the report.	The report has been written (by her).	has/have been
Past Perfect 過去完成式	She had written the report.	The report had been written (by her).	had been
Future Perfect 將來完成式	She will have written the report.	The report will have been written (by her).	will have been
Present Perfect Continuous 現在完成進行式	She has been writing the report.	極少用被動，一般避免	--
Past Perfect Continuous 過去完成進行式	She had been writing the report.	極少用被動，一般避免	--
Future Perfect Continuous 將來完成進行式	She will have been writing the report.	極少用被動，一般避免	--

* Future Continuous Passive 在書面語中極少使用；DSE考試中重點掌握Simple、Perfect及Continuous三大類即可。

Modal Verbs（情態動詞）的被動語態

公式：modal + be + past participle

The problem can be solved quickly.（問題可以很快被解決。）

New policies should be implemented immediately.（新政策應該即時實施。）

New measures must be taken to address the issue.（必須採取新措施解決問題。）

Section 3：何時用Passive Voice — 4大應用情境

Passive Voice 並非愈多愈好，但在以下四種情境，使用被動語態不但恰當，更能提升文章質素。

1. 執行者不明或不重要（Unknown / Unimportant Agent）

當你不知道是誰做了某件事，或執行者根本不重要，省略 by-phrase 使句子更簡潔。

The window was broken last night.

（昨晚窗戶被打破了。）— 不知道是誰，故省略 by agent

2. 正式書面語 — 避免直接點名（Formal & Impersonal Writing）

在報告、建議書或正式信件中，被動語態令語氣更客觀、不帶個人立場。

It has been decided that the project will be postponed.

（已決定推遲該項目。）— 比 "We decided…" 更正式客觀

3. 強調受事物件（Emphasise the Object / Receiver）

當你希望讀者聚焦在「被做的事」而非「做事的人」，被動語態讓重點前置。

Over three million trees were planted in the reforestation drive.

（在植林運動中種植了逾三百萬棵樹。）— 焦點在樹的數量，非種樹的人

4. 科學、學術及新聞寫作（Scientific & Academic Writing）

科研報告及新聞稿慣用被動語態呈現客觀事實，減少主觀色彩。

The samples were collected and analysed under controlled conditions.

（樣本在受控條件下收集並分析。）— 學術報告標準表達

Section 4：DSE寫作卷應用 — 5組 Before & After 改寫示範

DSE Paper 2（寫作卷）的正式文體題型（如Letter, Report, Proposal, Speech）評分準則特別重視語言豐富度（Language Range）及正式語氣（Register）。以下5組例子示範如何將平淡的主動句改寫為更具說服力的被動句。

例子 1 — Formal Letter（正式書信）

BEFORE We did not process your application on time due to technical issues.

AFTER Your application was not processed on time due to unforeseen technical difficulties, and we sincerely apologise for any inconvenience caused.

改寫要點：去除主語"We"，聚焦於申請者的申請，語氣更正式，同時加入道歉語提升禮貌度。

例子 2 — Report（報告）

BEFORE Our team collected data from 500 students and found that 70% of them agreed with the proposal.

AFTER Data were collected from 500 students, and it was found that approximately 70% of respondents were in favour of the proposal.

改寫要點：報告中刪去"Our team"，改用客觀被動結構，同時用"respondents"代替"them"提升學術語氣。

例子 3 — Proposal（建議書）

BEFORE We should install CCTV cameras in all corridors to improve school safety.

AFTER It is recommended that CCTV cameras be installed in all corridors to enhance campus safety.

改寫要點：用 "It is recommended that … be + PP" 結構取代直接命令語氣，是建議書的標準句式，同時使用"enhance"代替"improve"豐富詞彙。

例子 4 — Speech（演講稿）

BEFORE People have ignored this environmental problem for too long.

AFTER This critical environmental issue has been overlooked for far too long, and the time for action has come.

改寫要點：將受事物件"environmental issue"前置，強調其重要性；"overlooked"比"ignored"更具文學色彩，配合演講修辭效果。

例子 5 — Article / Discussion Essay（文章／議論文）

BEFORE Many studies show that people use social media for more than four hours a day.

AFTER It has been shown by numerous studies that social media is used by many individuals for over four hours per day, raising significant concerns about digital well-being.

改寫要點：引用研究數據時用 "It has been shown" 強調客觀性；句末加入評論性語句展示批判思維，是DSE高分示範。

Section 5：常見錯誤 — 6大地雷必須避開

根據歷年DSE改卷報告及同學常犯的錯誤，以下六種情況最容易扣分：

❌ 錯誤 1：Be動詞時態錯誤

The letter is wrote yesterday. ✗

The letter was written yesterday. ✓

時態由 be 動詞決定，yesterday 表示過去，be 動詞必須用 was/were。

❌ 錯誤 2：忘記使用過去分詞（Past Participle）

The cake was eat by the children. ✗

The cake was eaten by the children. ✓

被動語態公式的第二個詞永遠是 Past Participle（V3），不可用原形或過去式。

❌ 錯誤 3：介詞用錯（不是 by 的情況）

She was surprised by the news. ← 這個對✓，但：

The street is covered by snow. ✗

The street is covered with snow. ✓

部分動詞有固定搭配介詞：covered with, filled with, known for, interested in 等，不可一律用 by。

❌ 錯誤 4：不及物動詞用被動語態

The accident was happened at noon. ✗

The accident happened at noon. ✓

Happen, occur, arrive, die, exist 等不及物動詞沒有受詞，不能使用被動語態。

❌ 錯誤 5：連續使用多個被動句

The report was written. The data was collected. The results were analysed. The findings were presented. ✗（單調，缺乏變化）

主動與被動應靈活混用，避免連續四五句都是被動句，否則語言顯得呆板，影響閱卷老師評分。

❌ 錯誤 6：主謂一致錯誤（Subject-Verb Agreement）

The books was borrowed by the students. ✗

The books were borrowed by the students. ✓

Be 動詞需與被動句的新主語（原本的受詞）在數（單/複數）上一致。

Section 6：練習題 — 5句轉換挑戰（含答案）

將以下主動句改寫為被動句（保持相同時態）。先自行作答，再對照答案。

練習題

The government announced the new education policy last week.
Scientists have discovered a new species of deep-sea fish.
The school principal will present the awards at the ceremony tomorrow.
Workers are repairing the bridge at this moment.
Someone had stolen her bicycle before she reported it to the police.

參考答案

The new education policy was announced (by the government) last week.
A new species of deep-sea fish has been discovered (by scientists).
The awards will be presented (by the school principal) at the ceremony tomorrow.
The bridge is being repaired (by workers) at this moment.
Her bicycle had been stolen before she reported it to the police.

括號內的 by-phrase 在執行者不重要時可省略。

常見問題 FAQ

Q1：DSE英文作文一定要用Passive Voice才能拿高分嗎？

不是必要，但合適場合使用被動語態能有效提升語言豐富度分數（Language Range）。評分準則重視主動與被動的靈活運用，而非強制使用。關鍵是用對地方：正式文體（Report, Proposal, Letter）中適量使用，敘事文（Personal Email, Story）則以主動為主。

Q2：被動語態可以省略 "by + agent" 嗎？

可以。當執行者不明、不重要，或已在上文提及時，省略 by-phrase 是完全正確的做法，亦是被動語態最常見的用法。例如："The road was closed due to flooding."（不需要說明是誰關閉道路。）

Q3：如何快速記住12種時態的被動語態？

記住兩個核心點：① Be動詞隨時態變化（is/was/will be/has been 等）；② 主要動詞永遠是Past Participle（V3）不變。只要記住各時態的 be 動詞形式，加上固定的V3，就能拼出正確被動形式。建議以 "write → written" 作為模板，逐一套用12種時態練習。

Q4：DSE Paper 3（口試）也需要用Passive Voice嗎？

口試（Speaking）同樣需要展示語言多樣性，在小組討論（Group Discussion）中，當提出建議或引述數據時，適時使用被動語態能展示語言能力。例如："It has been reported that…" 或 "A survey was conducted…" 等句式在口試中同樣加分。

Q5：Passive Voice DSE考試出現頻率高嗎？MC題或Language Use題會考到嗎？

會。DSE Paper 3 Reading中的 B部分（Language in Context）偶爾考核語態轉換；而 Paper 2 Writing 的評分更直接體現語態運用能力。根據歷屆試題分析，被動語態在正式體裁題目中是獲取高分的重要語言工具，建議所有考生熟練掌握至少 Simple / Perfect / Modal + Passive 三大類型。

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